{"id":633,"date":"2019-12-02T15:36:40","date_gmt":"2019-12-02T15:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/?p=633"},"modified":"2019-12-02T15:36:40","modified_gmt":"2019-12-02T15:36:40","slug":"lo-hip-human-information-processing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/","title":{"rendered":"Lo HIP &#8211; Human Information Processing"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div><p>In questo articolo trattiamo la teoria <em><strong>HIP<\/strong><\/em> (<em><strong>Human Information Processing<\/strong><\/em>), una teoria psicologica che cerca di spiegare l&#8217;apprendimento umano ponendolo in analogia con i computer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_88 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indice<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6ad05bc5d3f8f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #002ca5;color:#002ca5\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #002ca5;color:#002ca5\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6ad05bc5d3f8f\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/#Lanalogia_uomo-computer\" >L&#8217;analogia uomo-computer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/#Il_modello_multi-magazzino_e_le_memorie\" >Il modello multi-magazzino e le memorie<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/#La_memoria_sensoriale_MS\" >La memoria sensoriale (MS)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/#Memoria_a_breve_termine_MBT_o_ML\" >Memoria a breve termine (MBT o ML)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/#Memoria_a_lungo_termine_MLT\" >Memoria a lungo termine (MLT)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lanalogia_uomo-computer\"><\/span>L&#8217;analogia uomo-computer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>In base alla teoria <em>HIP<\/em> la mente umana \u00e8 paragonabile ad un computer. Essa riceve in <em>input<\/em> informazioni dall&#8217;esterno, li elabora e produce una risposta verso l&#8217;ambiente esterno, ovvero un <em>output<\/em>. Quando si familiarizza con questi input e output, possiamo, in analogia con i computer, pensare che l&#8217;uomo sviluppi degli algoritmi comportamentali. Questi algoritmi non sono altro che dei protocolli di istruzioni da seguire per svolgere un certo compito. Ad esempio, possiamo avere:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>programmi che &#8220;girano&#8221; in automatico, come respirare;<\/li>\n<li>programmi che vengono eseguiti in maniera consapevole, come ad esempio guidare un&#8217;automobile. Questi possono poi essere suddivisi in sottoprogrammi &#8211; o set di istruzioni &#8211; pi\u00f9 piccole. Ad esempio per guidare devo saper impostare la marcia, usare il freno a mano, utilizzare i pedali ecc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><\/h2>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Il_modello_multi-magazzino_e_le_memorie\"><\/span>Il modello multi-magazzino e le memorie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Proprio come nei computer, nello <em>HIP<\/em> \u00e8 fondamentale il concetto di memoria. Gli studiosi Atkinson e Shiffrin forniscono una modello della memoria umana noto come <strong>multimagazzino<\/strong>. Secondo esso, la memoria umana si divide in tre tipi di memoria:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la memoria <strong>sensoriale<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>quella a <strong>breve termine<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>quella a <strong>lungo termine<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"La_memoria_sensoriale_MS\"><\/span>La memoria sensoriale (MS)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La memoria sensoriale permette di registrare gli stimoli provenienti dal mondo esterno. Essa provvede a selezionare solo alcune caratteristica dell&#8217;oggetto esperito. Essa funziona secondo <strong>registri sensoriali,<\/strong> di cui i pi\u00f9 importanti sono:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>memoria sensoriale visiva<\/strong>, legata alla vista;<\/li>\n<li><strong>quella sensoriale ecoica<\/strong>, legata all&#8217;udito;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Memoria_a_breve_termine_MBT_o_ML\"><\/span>Memoria a breve termine (MBT o ML)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Le caratteristiche sensoriali selezionata della MS, si vanno poi a trascrivere nella <strong>memoria a breve termine<\/strong> (<strong>MBT<\/strong>), detta anche <strong>memoria di lavoro<\/strong> (<strong>ML<\/strong>). Essa \u00e8 paragonabile alla RAM di un computer. La ML riesce a trattenere le informazioni per poco tempo, circa sette secondi. In questo lasso di tempo la ML deve essere in grado di effettuare le seguenti operazioni:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em><strong>encoding<\/strong><\/em>: le informazioni devono essere codificate per essere rese fruibili;<\/li>\n<li><em><strong>consolidation<\/strong><\/em>: le informazioni devono essere modificate per poter essere immagazzinate nella memoria a lungo termine;<\/li>\n<li>infine, lo <em><strong>storing<\/strong><\/em>, ovvero l&#8217;immagazzinamento vero e proprio nella memoria a lungo termine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Memoria_a_lungo_termine_MLT\"><\/span>Memoria a lungo termine (MLT)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>La memoria a lungo termine (MLT) pu\u00f2 essere paragonata ad un disco rigido, in cui le informazioni non sono pi\u00f9 volatili come nella <em>RAM<\/em>. Si suppone che la MLT sia sostanzialmente illimitata e pu\u00f2 conservare le informazioni per lungo termine, spesso per tutta la vita del soggetto.<\/p>\n<p>Si distinguono due tipologie di MLT:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la <strong>memoria dichiarativa<\/strong>: riguarda strettamente i saperi, ovvero quei contenuti coscienti che possiamo esprimere in forma proposizionale. Essa \u00e8 di tipo <strong>esplicito<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Quella <strong>procedurale<\/strong>, ad esempio ricordare come sciare o andare in bicicletta. Essa \u00e8 di tipo <strong>implicito<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Nel contesto della memoria dichiarativa si distingue ulteriormente in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>memoria <strong>dichiarativa episodica<\/strong>, per lo pi\u00f9 legata a fatti riguardanti la vita del singolo;<\/li>\n<li>quella <strong>dichiarativa semantica<\/strong>, i cui contenuti sono generali e non collocati temporalmente, come ad esempio saper parlare una lingua, saper svolgere delle operazioni aritmetiche, conoscere un certo argomento di una disciplina.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_636\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-636\" style=\"width: 757px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-636\" src=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Il-modello-multimagazzino-dello-HIP.png\" alt=\"Il modello multimagazzino dello HIP\" width=\"757\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Il-modello-multimagazzino-dello-HIP.png 475w, https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Il-modello-multimagazzino-dello-HIP-300x159.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-636\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Il modello multimagazzino dello <em>HIP<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In questo articolo trattiamo la teoria HIP (Human Information Processing), una teoria psicologica che cerca di spiegare l&#8217;apprendimento umano ponendolo in analogia con i computer. L&#8217;analogia uomo-computer In base alla teoria HIP la mente umana \u00e8 paragonabile ad un computer. Essa riceve in input informazioni dall&#8217;esterno, li elabora e produce una risposta verso l&#8217;ambiente esterno, &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":634,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,61],"tags":[63],"class_list":["post-633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-competenze-pedagocico-didattiche","category-teorie-dellapprendimento","tag-psicologia","entry entry-center"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lo HIP - Human Information Processing - \u00d3rganon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In questo articolo trattiamo la teoria HIP, che cerca di spiegare l&#039;apprendimento umano ponendolo in analogia con i computer.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lo HIP - Human Information Processing - \u00d3rganon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In questo articolo trattiamo la teoria HIP, che cerca di spiegare l&#039;apprendimento umano ponendolo in analogia con i computer.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/2019\/12\/02\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u00d3rganon\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-12-02T15:36:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.prometheus-studio.it\/filosofia_e_storia\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/HIP-Cover.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"365\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Vito Fabrizio Brugnola\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scritto da\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Vito Fabrizio Brugnola\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tempo di lettura stimato\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuti\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.prometheus-studio.it\\\/filosofia_e_storia\\\/2019\\\/12\\\/02\\\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.prometheus-studio.it\\\/filosofia_e_storia\\\/2019\\\/12\\\/02\\\/lo-hip-human-information-processing\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Vito Fabrizio Brugnola\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.prometheus-studio.it\\\/filosofia_e_storia\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/132c05f0175e83a844bd773676e4174d\"},\"headline\":\"Lo HIP &#8211; 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